Cardiac-Vascular Nursing (CVRN) Practice Exam

What is the most significant risk factor contributing to the development of peripheral vascular disease?

1. Hypertension

2. Tobacco use

3. Diabetes

4. Age

The correct answer is: Tobacco use

Tobacco use is considered the most significant risk factor contributing to the development of peripheral vascular disease (PVD) due to its immediate and profound negative impact on vascular health. Smoking causes direct damage to the vascular endothelium, leading to inflammation and the promotion of atherosclerosis, which is a key underlying process in PVD. The toxins in tobacco decrease oxygen delivery to tissues, promote platelet aggregation, and contribute to the formation of blood clots. Furthermore, tobacco use is often associated with other risk factors such as high blood pressure and elevated cholesterol levels, compounding the overall risk for vascular disease. While hypertension, diabetes, and age are notable risk factors for PVD, the evidence strongly supports that tobacco use poses the greatest direct risk. In individuals who smoke, the likelihood of developing PVD significantly increases compared to non-smokers, highlighting the critical role of tobacco cessation in prevention and management strategies for peripheral vascular disease.