Cardiac-Vascular Nursing (CVRN) Practice Exam

What are the major side effects of the antiarrhythmic drug amiodarone?

1. Acute kidney injury and hyperkalemia

2. Pulmonary fibrosis and corneal deposit

3. Esophageal erosion and bleeding ulcers

4. Excessive diuresis and dehydration

The correct answer is: Pulmonary fibrosis and corneal deposit

The choice highlighting pulmonary fibrosis and corneal deposits is correct because these represent significant and well-documented adverse effects associated with amiodarone. Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic medication used to treat various types of serious arrhythmias, and it carries a risk of developing pulmonary toxicity, particularly pulmonary fibrosis. This condition is characterized by scarring of lung tissue, which can severely impair lung function and manifest as worsening dyspnea or cough. Additionally, corneal deposits are another hallmark of amiodarone therapy. Patients may develop deposits in the cornea, which can lead to visual disturbances, although these are usually reversible upon discontinuation of the medication. Monitoring for these side effects is essential in patients on long-term amiodarone therapy, and healthcare providers need to educate patients about these risks. In contrast, while acute kidney injury and hyperkalemia can occur with various medications or conditions, they are not specifically linked to amiodarone. Similarly, esophageal erosion and bleeding ulcers are not commonly associated with amiodarone use. Lastly, excessive diuresis and dehydration are not typical side effects of this medication either; they are more often related to diuretics rather than antiarrhythmic agents. Thus